Sample for Meeting Minutes

Minutes of Meeting of Events Organizer Team Date: 1 Nov 2012 Time: 12: 00 p. m. Scene: Bilik Kuliah 2, PBPI Present: 1. Phang Yuen Jun 2. Juani Eyat Juleng 3. Tiang Leh Mei 4. Tan Hooi Gia 5. Kanagah A/P Raman 6. Siti Fatimah Abduh Razak 7. Yap Paul Yin 8. Sam Chee Xin In participation: Madam Nadiah bt Zainal Abidin 1. 0 Objective Determination The group examined about the goals and occasion to be held. Accordingly, the group chose to sort out another year celebration for 2013. 2. 1 Event Description Title: 2013 New Year Celebration Party Objectives: To celebrate and invite the new year with UTeM enormous family and the network * To advance the connection between UTeM residents and non-UTeM residents * To elevate and acquaint UTeM with the network Venue: Main Hall, Main Campus, UTeM Attendee: Anyone (Al l UteM Citizens and pariahs) 2. 0 Roles Distribution in the Team The jobs of the group were resolved by individual’s readiness and team’s understanding. The jobs circula tion is as underneath: Chairman: Siti Fatimah Abduh Razak Secretary: Tiang Leh Mei Treasurer: Tan Hooi Gia Food and refreshment: Juani Eyat Juleng (choose the menu)Set Designer: Phang Yuen Jun Event Planner: Kanagah A/P Raman Publicity: Sam Chee Xin Sponsorship: Yap Paul Yin 3. 0 Other things to be talked about and chosen The director requested that the colleagues do investigate on their individual role’s comparing undertakings. For the coming gathering, every one of the individuals can propose their arrangement for the food menu, set structure, occasions and exposure. They have to anticipate the spending plan for each related field as well. 4. 0 Date of next gathering The following gathering will be planned on eighth Nov 2012, 11am at Bilik Kuliah 2, PBPI. 5. 0 Closing addressThe director summed up the choice made in the gathering and said thanks to the counselor and the colleagues for having commited themselves to the task. The gathering was dismissed at 1:00 p. m. UTeM Eve nts Organizer Team-2013 New Year Celebration Party AGENDA Date: eighth Nov 2012 Time: 11:00 a. m. Setting: Bilik Kuliah 2, PBPI Order of business: 1. Chairman’s address 2. Minutes of the past gathering 3. Matters emerging out of the minutes 4. Reports from each sub-panels: * Food and refreshment * Set Designer * Event Planner * Publicity * Treasurer * Sponsorship 5. Uncommon business 6. Some other business 7. Date, time and spot of next gathering 8. Close

Korean Pollution Essays - Air Pollution, Pollution, Pollutant

Korean Pollution Dangerous particles are circling inside our air flexibly. They are ?the most hazardous for of air contamination.? These are minuscule particles of residue and other issue discharged from diesel motors in lorries, transports, and mentors. They are accepted to have assumed a job in the unexpected losses of 8,000 individuals. Different contaminations known as GMM's are causing such harm. GMM's are hereditarily changed miniaturized scale living beings. These smaller scale life forms are discharged from processing plants and research centers and go into the environment, and water supplies. They are most hazardous to older, and as of now sick individuals. (McCarthy 1) Huge billows of these particles were initially accepted to begin in Britain, yet considers show since they may likewise start in mainland Europe. These huge mists float over the English Channel, and into the North Sea., hence defiling the ocean. A portion of the primary toxins are as per the following: Benzene, 1,2-butadiene, carbon monoxide, nitrogen dioxide, and sulfur dioxide. There have been various objectives set to bring down the measure of these poisons, anyway some aren't relied upon to be diminished until 2008. In this time numerous lives might be lost rashly. Britain, who is still accepted to be the essential patron of such poisons is wanting to make a move, yet gradually, as yet keeping up that cleaning these toxins is ?unachievable, regardless of whether each motor on British streets was killed.? We accept this is more unsafe than Britain acknowledges, and more activity must be taken. Such poisons may murder creatures, and lower the food flexibly, particularly fish in the North Sea. Additional time and cash must be devoted to the prompt expulsion of such contaminants, and new outflows norms ought to be set. We might want the UN to put aside cash, for the sole motivation behind tidying up the North Sea, and wiping out a portion of these GMM's and other such poisons. Such harm to the earth can be felt comprehensively and is a tremendous issue. (McCarthy 1) List of sources none

Movie: One Flew Over The Cuckoos Nest :: One Flew Over Cuckoos Nest Essays Film

Film: One Flew Over the Cuckoo's Nest      In the film, One Flew Over the Cuckoo's home, there was a character named McMurphy, played by Jack Nickolson, who was conceded into a psychological organization for clinical testing in the wake of having been sentenced for legally defined sexual assault. Clearly he was just faking and he believed that he could get off from carrying out his punishment in a work camp. He essentially observed everything and everybody as a joke yet the main individual who he didn't trick was nurture Ratchet. He felt that he would have the option to leave in a few months, the hour of his sentence in the work camp, until he discovered that he wouldn't be permitted to leave.      After a couple of days he started to consider the to be as a gathering that required greater pleasure in their lives and he needed to attempt to discover some way that they could get out and go to a bar and watch the world arrangement. The nursing staff appeared to be cutthroat to their absence of happiness to life and essentially declined to permit the patients to try and watch the game on the TV during their tasks even in the wake of having took a vote where a quiet patient nicknamed 'Boss' for the first time conveyed that he needed to watch the game. McMurphy had become friends with Boss and later found that he was not almost totally senseless however was just faking his muteness and they planed to get away from together.      McMurphy later discovered that a significant number of these patients were here as it were since they put themselves here and would not like to leave despite the fact that they had the alternative to. He attempted his best to carry some life to these patients, for example, instructing them to play poker and betting for cigarettes. He even ventured to such an extreme as to escape over a fence just to open the entryway and to get the patients onto a close by transport and drive them to the docks where he took them on an angling trip. Additionally he masterminded his better half and a whore to go to the establishment around evening time with some liquor and hosted a little get-together for them before he chose he was going to get away. The following morning one of the patients who was self-destructive was found by the medical caretakers in bed with the whore. Attendant Ratchet revealed to him that he would mention to his mom what he had done and the patient was discovered later dead on the floor from having had sliced his own throat.      McMurphy never did leave and he was given a type of treatment called ECT,

Chinese Accounting Standards Convergence with ifrs - 275 Words

Chinese Accounting Standards Convergence with ifrs (Dissertation Sample) Content: Assessment of the impact of the convergence of Chinese accounting standards with IFRS on the financial reporting quality among Chinese MNCsLiterature ReviewThis main goal of this chapter is to present critical evaluation of studies that have been carried out in previous period relative to the convergence of Chinese accounting standards with IFRS. More specifically the literature review aims at analysing the effect of such convergence on reporting quality among Chinese MNCS.The formation of MNCS has necessitated has tremendously elevated the number and variation of financial accounting information users to international levels (Yip, 2001). Equally important, the need for quality financial reporting has expanded driven by company stakeholders to comprehend financial information presented in financial reports of such companies. Bath et al (2008) notes that many countries are making changes to their traditional national accounting standards aimed at conforming with the es tablished IFRS to improve the quality of financial reporting to meet the needs of both local and international stakeholders such as investors, shareholders, customers, suppliers, taxing bodies, financial institutions among others.In recent years, several developing economies have taken great strides aimed at converging their accounting standards with IFRS. Samaha and Khlif (2016) puts forward two major theories behind this move; the economic theory of network and isomorphism. Under economic theory of network Samaha and Khlif (2016) explains that countries are more likely to adopt IFRS if their trade partners are IFRS adopters. With assessment and need to improve product network and values, economies are motivated by the need to minimise domestic bias faced by international investors and facilitate global operations Ramanna and Sletten (2009). The isomorphism theory, countries are compelled by coercive isomorphism where presence of international institutios compel economic actors to adopt IFRS. For instance the International Monetary Fund (IMF) provides foreign aid with a requirement of IFRS adoption. Equally, countries are also compelled by the need for imitation of other countries that are seen as more successful in international business.The Global trend of national accounting standards-IFRS convergence has elicited several studies comparing the effect and quality of information presentation derived from such convergence. The most common method has been related to evaluating the value of accounting information because high quality earnings are known to reflect a companys operational economics which are closely linked to stock prices and book value of net assets. According to Ewert and Wagenhofer (2005), high quality financial reporting discourage opportunistic discretion, elevating the accuracy of information dissipated to users and leads to higher worth significance of accounting earnings. But one major thing that stands out is that, the strive towards co nvergence towards IFRS has not only encouraged transparency in financial reporting but also promoted comparability and consistency in reporting quality across MNCs organisation which minimise the cost of information processing to investors and may lead to improved capital market efficiency. Barth et al (2008) and Cheong et al (2010) also add that since IFRS are based on set financial quality principles issued by International Accounting Standards Board (IASB), they provide more comprehensive, accurate and timely organisation performance information that lead to precise and truthful valuation in equity markets reducing the risks exposed to the investors (Qu et al, 2012) and effective apportionment of financial resources worldwide (Loureco et al, 2015). But while most studies acknowledge positive effects of IFRS Loureco et al (2015) finds that the level of such effects depends on the extent to which IFRS standards are enforced pg 2. Studies have also found that business environmental -specific factors have had a great effect on the swiftness and the effectiveness of convergence to IFRS. According to Zeff (2007), the country specific differences such as shareholder protection levels, auditing cultures, financial culture, regulatory culture, accounting culture and conflict levels between information preparation teams incentives and standards.In early 1950s China adopted a uniform accounting system designed to deliver information for central control and planning by central government. According to Zhang et al. (2009) the government took control of business production lines, operating costs and distribution channels with any changes associated with accounting and reporting systems completely forbidden and could result into serious political penalties. However, the opening up policy established by the national government aimed at transitioning the centrally controlled economy into limited controlled economy saw the ministry of finance implement reforms that saw devel opment of accounting standards with a major aim of improving the quality of financial reporting of Chinese companies. The ministry of Finance together with accounting society of china founded a common project that studied accounting standards that formed a solid ground for harmonisation with international standards (Qu and Zhang, 2010). The involvement of Chinese companies in complex financial transactions owing to fast paced development of capital market and overall economy, called for detailed and specific guidance in application of financial standards. Since then various steps including, the Chinese MOF 2005s suggestion for further convergence through principles of positive innovation, difference permitting and striving for harmonisation and the 2007s replacement of the 2001 ASBE and 16 accounting guidelines with revised basic standards saw considerable but not complete convergence. According to Lee et al (2013) as of 2010, the Chinese accounting standards were three quarter way to achieve to achieve full convergence with IFRS whereas convergence continued. As From year 2001, companies in china can issue two classes of shares A and B. Class A shares are intended for domestic market while class B shares which are denominated in Hong Kong or US dollars are meant to target foreign investors and are required to be accompanied with IFRS reconciliations (Qu and Zhang, 2010).The need for improving reliability and comparability of multinational reports and specifically in china, has attracted fervent interest across global stakeholders including policy makers, professional accountants, regulators, academia among others. Most researches nave been concentrated around comparing the value relevance of accounting information provided by Chinese accounting standards and IFRS. Value relevance is an evaluation as to whether the provided accounting information through financial reporting correlate with the share prices of such companies (Hung, 2000). However, the correlati on is never perfect because of fuzzy signal in reported accounting information originating from existing accounting rules, intangible assets, calculation errors and management calculation (Lee et al, 2013).Eccher and Healy (2009) employed a model that evaluated the relationship between future accruals and cash flow to current cash flow using a sample of 83 companies that report using both IFRS (A-shares) and Chinese accounting standards (PRC) (B-shares) for the period between 1993 and 1997 inclusive. The study found out that. The study finds out that IFRS is not any superior to PRC for both domestic and international investors. But conflicting results are found by Sami and Zhou (2004) when they conduct a similar study considering 1994 to 2000 period. By using a similar selection criteria, this study concludes that the reported accounting information by use of IFRS is superior in value relevant than that reported under PRC accounting standards. A similar study done by Lin and Chen (2 005) employing Ohlson (1995) model combined with a lagged-price-deflated returns evaluation for the period in 1995 to 2000 and using a Sami and Zhou (2004) similar company selection criteria conclude that Chinese PRC is more value relevant than IFRS. However, a study carried out by Liu et al. (2011) examining accounting quality including value relevance of new Chinese PRC with a study of 870 firms from 2005 to 2008 conclude the convergence towards IFRS has improved value relevance of accounting measures. A similar study was carried out by Zheng et al (2012) to evaluate convergence through use of financial assets. The study that employed a sample of 453 firms from non-financial industries from 2004 to 2009 concludes that the new Chinese PRC fair value are highly value relevant than the historical costs previously reported. With relation to earnings, Lee et al. (2013), evaluated how the value relevance was affected following the 2007 CAS-IFRS convergence introduction. Through employin g a sample of 10,017 of Chinese companies listed on either Shenzhen or Shanghai stock market between yea...

When Is Therapist Self Disclosure Essay - 2173 Words

Essay 1: When is therapist self-disclosure â€Å"okay† in group counseling? How would it be used? Elaborate. I believe that this is a very tricky topic because you are not disclosing to one person, but many. The dynamics of one small disclosure can work, but other times it can cause problems within the group. I think that disclosure can be beneficial, but only at the right time. The most important part is being aware of the possibilities and being willing to take on the consequence that can occur because of it. It can backfire and without proper preparation you should not be disclosing. Finding the right balance and timing is most important to me. As a counselor, you should not be disclosing when it is not beneficial for your clients. When it is appropriate and helpful is the only time you should be using this technique. Self-disclosure can be used to produce insights to the clients own behaviors and life. I remember hearing that one of the most helpful things in counseling is when the therapist shares their own story with the client. It can make the client see that we are all human, make similar mistakes, and can all relate/connect to each other. I believe today it is more acceptable to share personal information with clients than ever before. Also, sometimes counselors do not plan self-disclosure in advance it is more of on the spot if you get the feelings to do so. It is more a spontaneous technique that can lead to further self-examination for the client. It can also beShow MoreRelatedSelf-Disclosure Essay1729 Words   |  7 PagesTherapist Self-Disclosure 1 Running head: THERIPIST SELF-DISCLOSURE IN GROUP THERAPY Therapist Self-Disclosure 2 Abstract The effects that counselor self-disclosure can have on group members and the appropriateness of when to use self disclosure will be explained in this paper. The author will discuss the ethical dilemmas that may arise when counselors divulge too much information, as well as a discussion of what the clients perceptions may be of such disclosure and the positiveRead More Is Psychotherapy More Effective When Therapist Disclose Information1043 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å" Is Psychotherapy More Effective When Therapist Disclose Information About Themselves? † In the world of psychology therapist raise a question whether or not they should â€Å"disclose personal information during psychotherapy. Several therapists â€Å"have suggested that therapist self-discloser can have a positive impact on treatment. From this view, self-discloser by the therapists may elicit greater discloser by the client enhancing the possibilities for client self-exploration†(e.g., Bugental, 1965Read MoreIt Is Critical For Self Disclosure Ethical And Clinical Principles1056 Words   |  5 PagesIt is critical for self-disclosure precautions, frequency in practice, potential risks, and potential advantages to be reconciled through a research-integrated framework considerate of paramount ethical and clinical considerations. An attempt to do so will be made through first overviewing self-disclosure ethical and clinical principles identified in the scholarly literature. These principles will then be synthesized into a larger discussion in which there will be identification of which theoreticalRead MoreEthical Boundaries Misused in Today’s Clinical Psychology Essay1677 Words   |  7 PagesPsychology In today’s psychology profession, a therapist and even the client can cross many boundaries if immediate boundaries are not put into place during the initial visit. Some boundaries that are crossed are not a problem at first and then the problem progresses. Leonard L. Glass called these, â€Å"the gray areas of boundary crossing and violation† (429). However, there is further description, â€Å"Boundary issues mostly refer to the therapists self-disclosure, touch, an exchange of gifts, bartering andRead MoreRelation Between Boundary Crossing And Boundary Violations881 Words   |  4 Pagesothers (Mahler, Pine, Bergman, 1975). In the context of therapy boundaries between the therapist and client provide an environment that fosters safety and trust enabling exploration. This dynamic places mental health professionals in a position of power over the client (Simon, 1992). This power differential creates a responsibility for the therapist to create and maintain appropriat e, professional boundaries. When speaking about departures from commonly accepted clinical practice it is necessary toRead MoreSpeech : Shame And Disclosure Essay1410 Words   |  6 PagesShame Therapy and Disclosure The importance of this sub-section is to demonstrate how shame can have an impact on the amount of disclosure in therapy. It has been suggested that a lack of disclosure can influence therapeutic outcome. Based on research, participants have identified one of the reasons that they are unwilling to disclose is due to fear of the reaction of the therapist. The purpose of discussing shame and disclosure in therapy is to highlight how non-disclosure can be problematicRead MoreEssay on Cognitive-Behavior Therapy: Annotated Bibliography 1233 Words   |  5 PagesBurckell, L.A., Eubanks-Carter, C. (2003). Therapist self-disclosure in cognitive-behavior therapy. Journal of Clinical Psychology, Special Issue: In Session, 59(5), 555-568. Self-disclosure plays a significant role in the bond between therapist and client. It helps in facilitating positive changes in clients and aids positive outcomes of treatment. Self-disclosure enhances motivation and expectation. The authors of this article discuss how self-disclosure within the context of cognitive-behaviorRead MoreThe Is The Ethical Foundation Of Any Form Of Professional Treatment956 Words   |  4 Pagesthe capacity to do harm in this case hinges on the competence of the counselor. As I read I came to the conclusion intentional self-disclosure is an art that must be mastered. The well-being of the client is the primary consideration, however, there are also considerations of timing, the developmental need of the client, and the counselor’s ability to craft a disclosure that leaves no room to open additional doors. Although it may be counterintuitive disclosing one’s orientation to someone who feelsRead MoreThe Working Alliance Between Supervisor And Supervisee970 Words   |  4 Pagesthrough a collaborative interpersonal process† (Falender Shafranske, 2004). According to Falander and Shafranske (2004), clinical supervision involves observation, feedback, facilitating self-assessment of the supervisee, and knowledge acquisition through a variety of methods. In supervising developing therapists, more senior members of the profession monitor the overall quality and development of the professional services being offered by beginning members of the profession (Knox et. al., 2008).Read MoreThe Importance Of Group Therapy1241 Words   |  5 Pagescompetent group therapist. To be competent as a group therapist he/she must have an awareness of their competence, they must understand the needs of the client and have insight into whether their competence level is adequate to meet the client’s needs (Corey, Corey Callahan, 2011). Not only must the group therapist be competent in therapeutic technique or form, the group the rapist must have therapeutic skills that helps them connect with their clients. Carl Rogers theorized that therapist possess certain

Jonathan Edwards Essay Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God

Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God Rhetorical Analysis Essay Jonathan Edwards, a famous preacher in pre-colonial times, composed a sermon that was driven to alert and inject neo Puritanical fear into an eighteenth century congregation. This Bible based and serious audience sought after religious instruction and enlightenment. Through the sermon Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God, Edwards offers a very harsh interpretation to humankind. Edwards utilizes various rhetorical techniques to evoke an emotional response in his audience and to persuade the members of his congregation that their wicked actions will awaken a very ruthless and merciless God. Through the use of imagery and classical appeal of pathos, Jonathan Edwards†¦show more content†¦The rhetorical strategies that Jonathan Edwards exploits in this sermon offers an emotional response from his audience. The audience is forced to face the reality of the circumstance through Edwards carefully crafted argument. Th e use of the various techniques that Jonathan Edwards uses contributes to the rhetorical effectiveness of the piece and persuades the audience to repent and turn towards God. Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God Rhetorical Analysis Essay Jonathan Edwards, a famous preacher in pre-colonial times, composed a sermon that was driven to alert and inject neo Puritanical fear into an eighteenth century congregation. This Bible based and serious audience sought after religious instruction and enlightenment. Through the sermon Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God, Edwards offers a very harsh interpretation to humankind. Edwards utilizes various rhetorical techniques to evoke an emotional response in his audience and to persuade the members of his congregation that their wicked actions will awaken a very ruthless and merciless God. Through the use of imagery and classical appeal of pathos, Jonathan Edwards effectively injects fear into his congregation of their destined fate. The devils watch them; they are ever by them at their right hand; they stand waiting for them, like greedy hungry lions that see their prey, and expect to have it, but are for the present k ept back (Paragraph 11). The use ofShow MoreRelatedSinners in the Hands of an Angry God by Jonathan Edwards Essay647 Words   |  3 PagesSinners in the Hands of an Angry God by Jonathan Edwards Jonathan Edwards grew up in an atmosphere of strict puritan discipline. He became a very religious and devout believer at an early age, and excelled in academics, entering Yale University at the age of thirteen. Many years later he became the pastor of a church that grew with his teachings. His lifestyle reflected his teachings and was a well respected man. His sermons spoke directly at many people and he impactedRead More Jonathan Edwards the Great Preacher Essay1604 Words   |  7 Pagespredestination. Jonathan Edwards however sought to arouse the religious intensity of the colonists (Edwards 1) through his preaching. But how and why was Edwards so successful? What influenced him? How did he use diction and symbolism to persuade his listener, and what was the reaction to his teachings? In order to understand these questions one must look at his life and works to understand how he was successful. In his most influential sermon, â€Å"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God†, Jonathan Edwards’ persuasiveRead MoreAnalysis Of Jonathan Edwards s The Hands Of An Angry God 1351 Words   |  6 PagesJonathan Edwards: A Wrath Within Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God is the sermon that Jonathan Edwards is remembered most for; a sermon in which one is fearfully reminded of the scorching tortures of hell that awaits the unrepentant sinner. Within his sermon, Edwards preaches that those sinners plagued by corruption face a malicious judgment; it was the choice made freely by God alone that an imminent wrath had not yet befallen them. The time for one to repent held no guarantee; if God choseRead MoreThe Hands Of An Angry God1627 Words   |  7 PagesIan Burke Mr. Giles Honors American Literature 6 Feb. 2015 â€Å"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God† and The Crucible Essay Two coarse yet uniquely fragile societies, three hundred years apart, devoured by individual ideologies that permeated belief systems, that blinded, deafened, and muted citizens, and that ultimately led to gruesome hysteria. â€Å"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God†, written by Jonathan Edwards in the mid-1700’s, is a sermon directed to a Puritan congregation urging with orthodoxRead MoreThe First Great Awakening And The Age Of Enlightenment1663 Words   |  7 Pagesprovided a vital connection between historical, social, and political events. Through the incorporation of religious principles and philosophies, writers have discovered a way to portray different time periods, characters, feelings, and most importantly God. As the Age of Enlightenment gradually came to an end, the British American colonists were ready to progress beyond the ideology of human reason and depend solely on biblical revelation. During the eighteenth century, a great movement known as theRead MoreImportance Of Literature : Necessities And Learning1158 Words   |  5 Pagestexts of early America are more than valuable in an education, those texts being â€Å"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God,† a speech by Jonathan Edwards, Thomas Jefferson’s Declaration of Independence, and on a different note, â€Å"The Story of an Hour,† written by Kate Chopin. In light of the colonial movement, a prominent text, rather, speech which was recorded is â€Å"Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God,† which Jonathan Edwards delivered to a crowd of colonists who froze under the powerful words. Many peopleRead MoreEssay on The Innovators of American Literature1066 Words   |  5 Pageswritings, Jonathan Edwards and Benjamin Franklin illustrate American themes in their personal narratives that quintessentially make part of American Literature. Although they lived in different times during the early development of the United States of America and wrote for different purposes, they share common themes. Their influence by their environment, individualism, proposals for a better society, and events that affected their society generate from their writings. By analyzing Jonathan Edwards PersonalRead MoreEssay Benjamin Franklin Compared to Jonathan Edwards1773 Words   |  8 PagesProfessor Machann English 2327 March 24, 2010 Errata in the Hands of an Un-Angry God: A Comparison of Edwards and Franklin Oberg and Stout put it best in the introduction of their book Benjamin Franklin, Jonathan Edwards, and the Representation of American Culture, â€Å"It is difficult, if not impossible to, think of two more widely studied colonial figures than Benjamin Franklin and Jonathan Edwards. As Franklin and Edwards have been studied individually over generations, so also have theyRead More Ages of Faith, Reason, and Romantics Essay880 Words   |  4 Pagesstyles were unusual. Puritans wrote about their religion in letters, journals, diaries, and sermons such as ?Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God? by Jonathan Edwards. In this sermon, Edwards uses ?scare-tactics? to get ?un-saved? members of his church ?saved?. Edwards, like many other Puritans, believed that ?un-saved? persons are held in the hand of God, over the pit of hell? (Edwards 37). Puritan daily life was centered around their religion. Puritans wrote about interactions with the NativeRead MoreThe Life of Jonathan Edwards3484 Word s   |  14 PagesBaptist Theological Seminary The Life of Jonathan Edwards A Paper Submitted to Dr. Gregory Tomlin In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Course American Christianity CHHI 692 Table of Contents Abstract 3 Biographical Outline 4-5 Survey of Edwards Life 5-18 Work Written By Jonathan Edwards 19-20 Bibliography 21-22 Abstract Through out Jonathan Edwards’ life he focused on preaching and expressing his views and

Blade Essay Research Paper Blade The Doubleedged free essay sample

Blade Essay, Research Paper Blade- The Double-edged Sword Between Two Communities Worlds subside in a universe that thrives on community, society, and relationships. Within each of these classs people function together, believe in the same ethical motives and values, and make their ain divisions within these groups. Through excepting certain groups or persons the society would discontinue to work, while enabling the community to experience normal and safe in their ideals. In the film Blade, the human race is unable to hold on the nature of the lamia kingdom. The people reside in a topographic point where their mundane lives are unscathed by the dark universe of the dark. The dark is an mercantile establishment for the lamias to feed, and thrive. Blade is a combination of both human and lamia. This gives him limited entree into both universes, because both groups fear Blade. These communities can non encompass him because they can non place with him. We will write a custom essay sample on Blade Essay Research Paper Blade The Doubleedged or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page He possesses greater strengths than worlds and lamias. He is finally feared by both groups, and is non recognizable in either society that he dwells. His lone mercantile establishment is to assist the one race that does non cognize what sort of man/thing he is. As indicated in this film, when an single possesses the specifying features of two diverse communities Blade will necessarily take the one least endangering to him. Worlds live in a sugarcoated universe. They like to believe of themselves as persons within a community. The truth is that they are portion of a community that makes them experience secure with themselves. Whether it is a state nine, a brotherhood, or a church, they attach themselves to something to do them who they are. The human race lacks any type of empathy towards anyone outside of his or her group. They can non associate to foreigners. In the film Blade, the human race is have oning a blindfold. They can non see the truth that lurks in the dark. They may non be able to accept the truth because it would interrupt the world they have created for themselves. This makes them weak to the marauders that are runing them. Within the film Blade, the human race is missing any cognition of the lamia race that thrives in the dark. They are so fixated on believing that the universe is a good and just topographic point that they have neglected to see what s gazing them in the face. Dr. Karen Jenson provinces, This is like a bad dream. She can non penetrate a life filled with such horrid existences. She automatically hates them, without understanding what they believe in or what their ideals are. She has excluded the lamias from her societal connexions because she can non grok the thought of going or prosecuting with a lamia. This action embodies the full human race. We can non accept what we do non cognize. We are a society that divulges itself into premises and prevarications. We allow classs to devour our lives, which make us susceptible to losing the society we thought we knew. Vampires live in a society that is much darker than the human race. They think of themselves as a superior race. They try to intermix in with worlds for their ain support, so they can prolong their ain power within the circle they encompass. In the film Blade, lamias have a set of regulations. They use these regulations to regulate the ways in which they will increase their population, but besides they need them to work as a society. Within this community there is a council. It is made up of 12 members from the House of Erebus. These are pure blood lamias, that is, they were born a lamia. They control the regulations and ordinances of the lamia community. Each member of the council in inscribe vitamin D with a tattoo. This allows other lamias to cognize who you are, what your strengths are, where you came from, and what place on the council you belong to. The lamias speak a different linguistic communication and have their ain set of archives or bible. This is non much different than the human community. Within this peculiar society lamias exclude worlds. Worlds are the ugly, ostracized, and unwanted species in the group. Vampires do non experience that worlds have a right to be in their society. Deacon Frost provinces, The universe belongs to lamias non worlds. This thought that lamias are greater than worlds, or their feeling that they are non like worlds, gives them the power to except the human race. It empowers them to apologize their construction of life and helps them to make their ain idealistic world. Blade is the most of import component in this film. He is the key into the universes of vampirism and humanitarianism. Blade is a loanblend that is bound by human Torahs but besides by lamia Torahs. He is about forced to take between the two. How does one travel about making that? As a lamia he possesses all the strengths of the lamias but none of the failings. As a homo, his ethical motives will neer be questioned, and more than probably he will be accepted. The job with Blade is that even though it may look that he is taking to contend the lamias for human sort, the existent motivation may be that he will neer be accepted by the lamia race. He is a menace to all lamias. He possesses the ability to walk during the twenty-four hours. This makes the lamias feel that Blade is in one higher or more advanced than they are. He was born a lamia and it is encoded into his Deoxyribonucleic acid. This makes him elite with the remainder of the lamia council. This is endangering for the lamia c ommunity and hence, they deny him entree to the society that they embrace. In bend, Blade is non truly human. He has a thirst for blood, and needs a serum to assist halt his cravings. He is a lone wolf. He can non suit into human society because he is a intercrossed. Blade would be excluded from human society because he is of unnatural design. It would be about impossible for society to include him as a member of their group, because Blade interferes with societies thoughts of humanity. Does Blade truly have the pick of contending for the human race? No. He fights for the human race because they haven Ts identified him as a lamia yet. He has non yet been excluded from their society as he has been with the lamias. Blade is doomed to be an castaway in either society because neither can accept the abilities he has acquired, and hence, his being will forever rely on society. All societies have their ain thoughts and premises. How they formulate their picks and spread out their community can merely depend on their actions. Everyone should be treated every bit, whether they are or are non the typical individual, depends on that community. Acceptance is a great power that every adult male, adult female, and kid possesses, and with that, society demands to larn to accept non tolerate others. Blade is a individual who is seeking for credence from the two societies environing him. He is forced to do determinations to protect his holiness of life, and even though Blade fears the human race, he is forced to protect them from the lamias. He has already been stigmatized by the lamia community, which leaves him to support the lone society that will let him to feign he is a member of. Plants Cited Blade. Dir. Stephen Norrington. Perf. Wesley Snipes, Stephen Dorf, Kris Kristofferson, N Bushe Wright. 1998. DVD. New Line Productions, 1998

Storm By Kate Chopin Essays - Frdric Chopin, Great Emigration

Storm By Kate Chopin "The Storm" by Kate Chopin is a great literary example of the use of setting. Chopin uses setting to not only influence the reader's senses, but also, to illustrate the actions and feelings of her characters. Chopin uses a great choice of short descriptive words to describe her setting such as: "[W]hile the storm burst. It shook the wooden store and seemed to be ripping great furrows in the distant field" (Chopin, 96), and "The rain beat on the low, shingled roof with a force and clatter that threatened to break an entrance and deluge them there" (96), to thrust the reader into the sense of being in the storm that is baring down on her characters. The description of her setting also helps to make the characters actions and feelings more powerful and exciting to the reader than if the story had taken place in a different setting. Chopin's choice of setting also coincides with the actions and feelings of her characters. In the depths of the raging storm the characters Alcee and Calixta's passion is as sudden and intense as the storm itself. Chopin describes the lovers' passion within the storm, "They did not heed the crashing torrents, and the roar of the elements made her laugh as she lay in his arms" (97). Even as the storm was intense, as was the lovers' passion so as the storm begins to tire itself out so do the lovers. "The growl of the thunder was distant and passing away. The rain beat softly on the shingles, inviting them to drowsiness and sleep." (98) As the storm ends and the land is renewed, "The rain was over and the sun was turning the glistening green world into a place of gems" (98), so it seems is the characters' relationships. It is as if the storm has a profound effect on the characters that make them appreciate those around them whom they love. Expecting his wife to be worried and angry, Bobinot expects to find his wife to be ready to explode when he and his son arrive home. However, "Bobinot's explanations and apologies which he had been composing all along the way, died on his lips as Calixta felt him to see if he was dry, and seem to express nothing but satisfaction at their safe return" (98). Not only did the storm and sudden passion effect Calixta it also effected Alcee: "Alcee Laballiere wrote his wife, Clarisse, that night. It was a loving letter full of tender solicitude. He told her not to hurry back, but if her and the babies liked it in Biloxi, to stay a month longer. He was getting on nicely; and though he missed them, he was willing to bear separation a while longer-- realizing that their health and pleasure were the first things to be considered" (99). Bibliography Kate Chopin. "The Storm". Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama. Ed. X.J. Kennedy and Dana Gioia. 7th ed. New York. Longman. 1999. Pages 95-99

Frank Lloyd Wrights Plan for a Fireproof House

Frank Lloyd Wright's Plan for a Fireproof House Perhaps it was the 1906 earthquake and great fire in San Francisco that eventually inspired Frank Lloyd Wrights April 1907 Ladies Home Journal (LHJ) article, A Fireproof House for $5000. Dutch-born Edward Bok, LHJ editor-in-chief from 1889 to 1919, saw great promise in Wrights early designs. In 1901 Bok published Wrights plans for A Home in a Prairie Town and A Small House with Lots of Room in It. The articles, including the fireproof house, included sketches and floor plans designed exclusively for the LHJ. Its no wonder that the journal was the first magazine in the world to have one million subscribers. The design for the fireproof house is very Wright- simple and modern, somewhere between Prairie style and Usonian. By 1910 Wright was comparing what he called the concrete house of The Ladies Home Journal with his other flat-roofed, concrete projects, including Unity Temple. Characteristics of Wrights 1907 Fireproof House Simple Design: The floor plan shows a typical American Foursquare, popular at the time. With four sides of equal dimensions, concrete forms could be made once and used four times. To give the house visual width or depth, a simple trellis has been added, extending from the entrance. Center stairs near the entrance provide easy access to all parts of the house. This house is designed with no attic, but includes a dry, well-lighted basement storeroom. Concrete Construction: Wright was a great promoter of reinforced concrete construction- especially as it became more affordable for homeowners. Changing industrial conditions have brought reenforced concrete construction within the reach of the average home-maker, Wright claims in the article. The steel and masonry material provides not only fire protection, but also protection from dampness, heat, and cold. A structure of this type is more enduring than if carved intact from solid stone, for it is not only a masonry monolith but interlaced with steel fibres as well. For those unfamiliar with the process of working with this building material, Wright described that you make the forms using narrow flooring smoothed on the side toward the concrete and oiled. This would make the surface smooth. Wright wrote: In the composition of the concrete for the outside walls only finely-screened birds-eye gravel is used with cement enough added to fill the voids. This mixture is put into the boxes quite dry and tamped. When the forms are removed the outside is washed with a solution of hydrochloric acid, which cuts the cement from the outer face of the pebbles, and the whole surface glistens like a piece of grey granite. Flat, Concrete Slab Roof: The walls, floors and roof of this house, writes Wright, are monolithic casting, formed in the usual manner by means of wooden, false work, the chimney at the centre carrying, like a huge post, the central load of floor and roof construction. Five-inch thick reinforced gravel concrete creates fireproof floors and a roof slab that overhangs to protect the walls. The roof is treated with tar and gravel and  angled to drain not over the cold edges of the house, but into a downspout near the winter-warm center chimney. Closable Eaves: Wright explains that To afford further protection to the second-story rooms from the heat of the sun a false ceiling is provided of plastered metal lath hanging eight inches below the bottom of the roof slab, leaving a circulating air space above, exhausted to the large open space in the centre of the chimney. Controlling the air circulation in this space (by a simple device reached from the second-story windows) is a familiar system used today in fire-prone areas- left open in summer and closed in winter and for protection from blowing embers. Plaster Interior Walls: All the interior partitions are of metal lath plastered both sides, writes Wright, or of three-inch tile set upon the floor slabs after the reinforced concrete construction is complete. After coating the inside surfaces of the outside concrete walls with a non-conducting paint, or lining them with a plaster-board, the whole is plastered two coats with a rough sand finish. The interior is trimmed with light wood strips nailed to small, porous terra-cotta blocks, which are set into the forms at the proper points before the forms are filled with the concrete. Metal Windows: Wrights design for a fireproof house includes casement windows, swinging outward....The outer sash might at no very great additional expense be made of metal. Minimal Landscaping: Frank Lloyd Wright fully believed that his design could stand on its own. As an added grace in summer foliage and flowers are arranged for as a decorative feature of the design, the only ornamentation. In winter the building is well proportioned and complete without them. Known Examples of Frank Lloyd Wright Fireproof Houses 1908: Stockman Museum, Mason City, Iowa1915: Edmund F. Brigham House, Glencoe, Illinois1915: Emil Bach House, Chicago, Illinois Resources and Further Reading Edward Bok, Bok Tower Gardens National Historic Landmark website Frank Lloyd Wright On Architecture: Selected Writings (1894-1940), Frederick Gutheim, ed., Grossets Universal Library, 1941, p. 75 A Fireproof House for $5000, by Frank Lloyd Wright, Ladies Home Journal, April 1907, p. 24. A copy of the article was on the website of the Stockman House Museum, River City Society for Historic Preservation, Mason City, IA at www.stockmanhouse.org/lhj.html [accessed August 20, 2012]Visit the Emil Bach House at gowright.org/visit/bachhouse.html, Frank Lloyd Wright Preservation TrustGlencoes Notable Architecture, The Village of Glencoe; Antique Home Style has reproduced A Fireproof House for $5000 [accessed October 5, 2013]

Conformity and its consequence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Conformity and its consequence - Essay Example In other words, the practice of conformity may be found at individual level and at group level. At times, it may so happen that the exposure to some extraordinary things may attract the individuals to believe or practice the same, but for fear from the society regarding non conformity with the general belief, the individuals prefer to avoid the new practice. The people may just follow the conformity and they become more selfish while treating others in some of the occasions. For example, in case of very old man who came to the house of Pelayo and Elisenda, the couple initially tried to find the actual truth about his whereabouts and nature of life. Once they got a clue that the old man might be an angel, they tried to get the advantage of the presence of old man in their home. They started collecting entry fee for visiting the old man and in this process they became rich, but unfortunately they neglected the old man. Though the father Gonzaga expressed doubts about the characteristic s of the angel due to lack of mortal characters in old man and lack of ability to speak in Latin language, the major sections of common people in the society started believing that the old man might be an angel.

Taxonomy on existing techniques of reducing false alarms in Annotated Bibliography

Taxonomy on existing techniques of reducing false alarms in sensor-based healthcare monitoring systems - Annotated Bibliography Example According to Qassim, Patel and Modzhin (2014), fuzzy logic risk analysis is implemented to reduce false alarm instances and maintain sufficient level of security against serious attacks in intrusion and detection systems. The primary purpose of an intrusion and detection system is to identify attackers trying to infiltrate a network and expose vulnerable resources. By using a Fuzzy Logic-Risk Analysis (FLRA) model, the Qassim et al. (2014) aimed to reduce instances of false positives. By calculating the significance and severity of each suspected attack, the system establishes whether an activity can be classified as attempted attack or normal behavior miss judged by the detection system. The model comprises four layers: integrated interface, knowledge manager, autonomic manager, and resource manager. The topmost layer represents the integration point of the system administrator and the intrusion detection system. At this level, strategies and policies are defined and implemented. Th e section responsible for false positive reduction is the Intrusion Detection Manager. This second layer referred as the Fuzzy Logic-Risk Analysis Intrusion Detection Manager is responsible comprises of four modules: monitor module, analyzer, planner module and control module. All the modules act systematically to detect any attempts of intrusion, eliminate false positives and perform necessary changes to the protected element. Fuzzy Logic-Risk Analysis model works in two mechanisms: identifying the risk and assessing the risk. Once the risk has been identified it is assessed using weighted averages and consequently categorized. Threats are categorized based on their ability to cause harm to asset elements. Once the risk has been identified, residual and exposed risks are analyzed using Fuzzy logic from which different countermeasures are applied to mitigate it. FLRA model works by taking the

Prairie Dogs Essay Example for Free

Prairie Dogs Essay â€Å"Prairie dogs have a significant effect on biological diversity in prairie ecosystems. More than 200 species of wildlife have been associated with prairie dog towns, with over 140 species benefitting directly†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Williams 34). Terry Tempest Williams, author of the book â€Å"Finding Beauty in a Broken World,† delivers a strong argument as to why prairie dogs should be protected. Prairie dogs contribute to the welfare of animals around them in many ways. They create diversity, kinship and community. Williams also states, â€Å"They embody two million years of evolving intelligence† (Williams 33). They are social creatures, and they all live in towns and villages. They kiss when they greet each other, as a way of distinguishing one from another. Once recognized, they will engage in nuzzling and other affectionate grooming behaviors. They also are able to distinguish the light from dark. Dogs kept in zoos become so tame, visitors may pet them. Williams gives an example of this in her book when she visits a zoo in North Carolina. She witnesses a man talking to and affectionately petting the belly of a prairie dog (Williams 66). They are not just rodents and they can be extremely humane and friendly. â€Å"Prairie dogs, like beavers, are a keystone species- that is one that significantly alters the ecosystem and provides habitat for auxiliary species† (Outwater 73). In the book, â€Å"A Sea of Grass,† by Outwater, she delivers a strong argument as to why prairie dogs are beneficial to the grassland ecosystem. Prairie dogs create habitats for other species, because over 200 species live nearby prairie dog burrows. The burrows are never built all the same. Some have special pockets, turn-around rooms, and others have chambers with grass. The temperature underground is convenient for species living there, being as it is warm in winter, and cooler in the summer. Outwater presents a valid reason for protecting the rodents. For example, she states,† In the process of constructing their towns of tunnels, the prairie dogs once moved tons of subsoil above ground, where they mixed it with top soil and organic matter.. †(Outwater 74). Many species benefit from this churning of the soil because it creates grasses which are richer in protein. The prairie dogs also help to increase the amount of water that makes it underground, which enhances the productivity of the soil. Concurrently, more water goes into rivers and streams. Another component of prairie dogs is that they are social, loving creatures. They engage in their own communication. When they see a predator, they make a bark that signals all the dogs around to protect themselves. Prairie dogs provide burrows not only for themselves, but for other animals as well. They also aerate the soil and contribute to water drainage underground. Prairie dogs eat grass, which in turn shocks the landscape into greater, richer productivity. Prairie dogs need to be protected because they are such an important species to the grassland ecosystem and they are on the brink of extinction. â€Å"†We are living amid a sixth extinction,† writes Niles Eldredge, a curator at the American Museum of Natural History,† one that, according to the Harvard biologist E. O. Wilson, is costing the Earth some 30,000 species a year.. At this rate, the vast majority of the species on earth today will be gone by the next millennium†Ã¢â‚¬  (quoted in Williams 71). All species rely on another species for survival. If prairie dogs were to become extinct, many other species and habitats would be at stake also. Some species affected by the decline of prairie dogs include, but are not limited to: the black-footed ferret, mountain plovers and owls, golden eagles, foxes, ferruginous hawks, and deer mice. (Williams 57). The grassland ecosystem as a whole would be at stake, seeing as how every single species contained in it relies upon one another for survival. The author Outwater also believes there is a lot at stake if the dogs become extinct. She believes that if prairie dogs are eliminated, the productivity of grasslands decreases. Species such as turtles, skunks, snakes, toads, prairie chickens, tiger salamanders, rabbits, eagles, hawks, coyotes, foxes, and many more will not have a place to abide. Also, the water will be at stake because less water would be seeping underground. By less water making it underground, there would ultimately be less water going to streams and rivers. Both Outwater and Williams have extreme arguments as to why prairie dogs should be protected. Their arguments may differ in many ways, but they agree on a few core points. They both agree that these rodents create habitats for other species, and that they are definitely a keystone species. They prune grass, in turn creating more beneficial food sources for different species. They heighten the water drainage into the subsoil, in turn filling the streams and rivers. They also create diversity, within the plants and the animals surrounding them. They are not just pests either, as agreed upon by Outwater and Williams. They have their own language and ways of communicating. They exhibit affectionate behavior towards each other and engage in grooming activities and kissing. Even though Williams and Outwater arrive at the same points, their methods of proving them are different. Williams proves her points through mosaics, saying the different broken pieces make up something greater. The different species involved in the grassland ecosystems all play an important role in the bigger picture. Outwater has a different technique. She shows prairie dogs in comparison to the buffalos, water systems, and other species of the grasslands. She also goes into greater depth of the prairie dog environment as a whole. Although both authors have valid points, I find Williams’ argument more compelling. Her quotes and examples convince one that prairie dogs really do need to be protected. She states, â€Å"Prairie dogs create diversity. Destroy them, and you destroy a varied world† (Williams 37). From the plants, to the animals in their grassland ecosystem, prairie dogs bring about diversity in everything. Williams uses mosaics as a way to describe the dogs as a part of their ecosystem. The prairie dogs are an essential part of the grasslands and Williams makes her argument more compelling by comparing them to mosaics. However, both authors come to the same conclusion. Prairie dogs are a species whose very presence contributes to the diversity of life and whose extinction would result in the extinction of species dependant on it. Extra Credit: Williams relates prairie dogs to mosaics by proving that they are a part of something bigger than themselves. Mosaics are composed of several â€Å"broken† pieces, making up one beautiful piece. Prairie dogs are just one essential part of the grassland ecosystems. Even though they are just one part, they are important to everything else around them. Williams uses mosaics as a way to describe the dogs as a part of their ecosystem. She also compares and contrasts the rules of mosaics with prairie dogs and their towns. She states, â€Å"Tesserae are irregular, rough, individualized, unique. Prairie dogs literally change the land with their hands†¦ Many colors are used to create one color from afar. Different hues from the same color were always used in ancient mosaics. Prairie dogs have a significant effect on biological diversity in prairie ecosystems. More than 200 species of wildlife have been associated with prairie dog towns, with over 140 species benefitting directly † (Williams 34). If one piece of the mosaic is missing, it is not a mosaic. Every single piece of the mosaic directly benefits and depends on the others, just like in grassland ecosystems. Every species of animal depends on and directly benefits from another. If prairie dogs were to become extinct, there are so many other animals that would be at stake also. Their burrows provide protection. Their pruning of the grasses creates a better quality of food for others. Their digging and aerating of the soils allows for more water to seep down and be absorbed by the earth, which in turn provides water for streams and rivers. Williams relates prairie dogs to mosaics in a very compelling argument. She knows that if prairie dogs were to face extinction, an essential part of the grassland ecosystem would be missing, and the rest of the grassland would be directly, negatively affected.

Plant hormones Essay -- essays research papers

Plant hormones are specialized chemical substances produced by plants. They are the main internal factors controlling growth and development. Hormones are produced in one part of a plant and transported to others, where they are effective in very small amounts. Depending on the target tissue, a given hormone may have different effects. Plant hormones play an integral role in controlling the growth and development of plants. A plant hormone is generally described as an organic compound synthesized in one part of the plant and translocated to another part, where in low concentrations elicits a physiological response. There are five generally recognized classes of plant hormones; some of the classes are represented by only one compound, others by several different compounds. They are all organic compounds, they may resemble molecules which turn up elsewhere in plant structure or function, but they are not directly involved as nutrients or metabolites. Hormone  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Source  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Action Auxins  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  apical meristem (only moves down), embryo of seed, young leaves  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Control of cell elongation †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  apical dominance (prevents lateral buds) †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  prevents abscission †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  continued growth of fruit †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  cell division in vascular and cork cambium --formation of lateral roots from pericycle --formation of adventitious roots from cuttings Gibberellins  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Roots and young leaves  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cell (stem) elongation (works in stems and leaves, but not roots) †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  breaking seed/bud dormancy †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  stimulating fruit set Cytokinins  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  roots, embryos, fruits actively growing  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Promote cell division --signal axillary/lateral bud growth --prevent leaf abscission †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  chloroplast development †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  breaking dormancy in some seeds †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  enhance flowering †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  promote fruit development Abscissic Acid  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ... ...ascade ultimately resulting in modification of enzyme activity, altered metabolic processes, and different phenotypes. One thing plant hormones specifically control is gene expression. The exact mechanisms by which hormones regulate gene expression are poorly understood. Gene expression is part of a large amplification process. This process involves repeated transcription of DNA resulting in many copies of mRNA (1st amplification step); mRNA is processed and enters the cytoplasm where it is translated many times by ribosomes into a gene product such as an enzyme (2nd amplification step); enzymes are modified to become functional and capable of high catalytic activity even at low concentrations. They catalyze the production of many copies of an important cellular product (3rd amplification step). It is likely that gene regulation is affected by certain enzymes after initial hormone binding. Genes may be altered by secondary and tertiary messengers of a cellular cascade as well. Hormones may indirectly control gene expression through these enzymes and messengers at a number of control sites such as transcription, mRNA processing, mRNA stability, translation, and post-translation Plant hormones Essay -- essays research papers Plant hormones are specialized chemical substances produced by plants. They are the main internal factors controlling growth and development. Hormones are produced in one part of a plant and transported to others, where they are effective in very small amounts. Depending on the target tissue, a given hormone may have different effects. Plant hormones play an integral role in controlling the growth and development of plants. A plant hormone is generally described as an organic compound synthesized in one part of the plant and translocated to another part, where in low concentrations elicits a physiological response. There are five generally recognized classes of plant hormones; some of the classes are represented by only one compound, others by several different compounds. They are all organic compounds, they may resemble molecules which turn up elsewhere in plant structure or function, but they are not directly involved as nutrients or metabolites. Hormone  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Source  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Action Auxins  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  apical meristem (only moves down), embryo of seed, young leaves  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Control of cell elongation †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  apical dominance (prevents lateral buds) †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  prevents abscission †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  continued growth of fruit †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  cell division in vascular and cork cambium --formation of lateral roots from pericycle --formation of adventitious roots from cuttings Gibberellins  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Roots and young leaves  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Cell (stem) elongation (works in stems and leaves, but not roots) †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  breaking seed/bud dormancy †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  stimulating fruit set Cytokinins  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  roots, embryos, fruits actively growing  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬ ¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Promote cell division --signal axillary/lateral bud growth --prevent leaf abscission †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  chloroplast development †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  breaking dormancy in some seeds †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  enhance flowering †¢Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  promote fruit development Abscissic Acid  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   ... ...ascade ultimately resulting in modification of enzyme activity, altered metabolic processes, and different phenotypes. One thing plant hormones specifically control is gene expression. The exact mechanisms by which hormones regulate gene expression are poorly understood. Gene expression is part of a large amplification process. This process involves repeated transcription of DNA resulting in many copies of mRNA (1st amplification step); mRNA is processed and enters the cytoplasm where it is translated many times by ribosomes into a gene product such as an enzyme (2nd amplification step); enzymes are modified to become functional and capable of high catalytic activity even at low concentrations. They catalyze the production of many copies of an important cellular product (3rd amplification step). It is likely that gene regulation is affected by certain enzymes after initial hormone binding. Genes may be altered by secondary and tertiary messengers of a cellular cascade as well. Hormones may indirectly control gene expression through these enzymes and messengers at a number of control sites such as transcription, mRNA processing, mRNA stability, translation, and post-translation

The Drug Crime Relationship

There is no question that drugs and crime are related, however difficulty stands when trying to establish a causal connection between the two. According to Ronald Akers, ‘compared to the abstaining teenager, the drinking, smoking and drug taking teen is much more likely to be getting into fights, stealing, hurting other people and committing other delinquencies’ (Gottfredson and Hirschi, 1990).At a surface level, drugs and crime are linked as it is a criminal offence to possess certain substances unlawfully, however when looking deeper, where drugs are said to cause, influence or be associated with offending behaviour the subject becomes quite unclear. Three major models exist that examine the drugs-crime link and will be discussed thoroughly throughout this essay. Firstly is the model that suggests drug use leads to crime and offending behaviour.It offers the explanation that drug-users are enslaved, or behaving in ways which satisfy the craving which very often leads t o participating in criminal behaviour. A second model explains that crime leads to drug use, and the third that drug use and crimes have a common aetiology. Throughout this essay these models will be examined deeply in order to try and best understand the relationship between drug use and offending behaviour. The idea that drug use leads to crime is by far the most believed and most popular idea out of the three.The reasons for this may lie in its heavy belief from the media and the government. It is sometimes represented as a direct causal effect and sometimes as just an association. There does stand much evidence in support of this theory, however no research identifies a direct causal link which will be noted later. One study carried out in this field gave the police power to perform drug tests on detainees in police custody and gave the courts the power to order the drug testing of offenders under the supervision of the probation service.In total they carried out a collective of 1,835 tests and found positive results in 63% of those tested in London, 58% of those tested in Nottingham and 47% of those tested in Strafford and Cannock. For those on probation over half tested positive ( Mallender et al. 2002, citied in Bean 2008). While support stands for this view, variations exist in the way drug use is said to cause crime.Three broad categories exist, firstly the psychopharmacological explanations, secondly the economic explanations and thirdly the drug-lifestyle explanation. Firstly the psychopharmacological explanations consider the effects of the drug chemicals have upon the human organism and what the behavioural outcomes may be. For example, the psychopharmacological model says that drugs cause violence because of their direct effects, as an effect users become impatient, irritable, energetic and irrational often leading to criminal behaviour.Goldstein (1985) believes the psychopharmacological model to be a direct effect model and argues that ‘so me individuals, as a result of short or long term ingestion of specific substances, may become excitable, irrational, and may exhibit violent behaviour’. Brochu (2001) claims that many drugs ‘act on specific areas of the nervous system, including the frontal lobe and the limbic system, where the centres of aggressiveness and impulsiveness are located’ (Bennett and Holloway).While these are considered to be direct and instantaneous effects of drug use, in practice the psychopharmacological effects of drugs on crime are expected to function indirectly. Parker and Auerhahn (1998) stress from their research the overwhelming importance of the context in the relationship between substance use and violent behaviour, and as MacCoun et al (2002) claim ‘it may be that no drug is sufficient to produce aggression in isolation from psychological and situational moderators. ’ (Bennett and Holloway).The second variation on how ‘drugs cause crime’ is th e economic explanation. This is very often referred to as the economic necessity argument which simply says drug users will commit crime for economic benefit in order to fund their drug addiction. Crimes associated with this explanation are most commonly property crime including theft, shoplifting, burglary and fraud; however there are many links with violent crimes. One explanation for this is that habitual drug users face problems raising cash and therefore prefer to perform street robberies. Baumer et al. 1998) argues that this type of robbery draws cash directly and is more easily perpetrated during the hours of darkness when the streets are less crowded. Cash carries the advantage of being easily concealed and does not have to be exchanged at a discount unlike stolen property. (Bennett and Holloway). The third variation is the drug-lifestyle explanation. The theory focuses in particular, on the relationship between drug-using lifestyles and violence. It offers the explanation t hat drug abusers are living within a community which is more likely to be a violent one when compared to a drug free community.The drug using community is one that is notoriously violent, especially when considering punishments for failing to pay debts, territory disputes and selling adulterated drugs. Other ideas focusing on lifestyle but not on violence consider that drug users often do not participate in the legitimate economy and therefore the likelihood of them becoming involved in criminal activity is increased, and also they would be exposed to situations that encourage crime. (Bennett and Holloway).When considering the idea that crime leads to drug use, the research is scarce by comparison. If crime leads to drugs use there will be no reduction in criminality even with the successful treatment of the drugs problem. If crime leads to drug use then treatment should be directed at reducing the criminality, and the drug problem will be correspondingly reduced (Hammersley et al. 1989, cited in Bean p. 39). Researchers are heavily interested in finding what came first; the drug problem or criminality?Early British studies found that about 50% of heroin addicts were antecedently delinquent but, of course, 50% were not (Bean 1971). However, some researchers are sure they know the truth. Korf et al. (1998) belief that there is empirical support for thinking prior criminal involvement increases one’s chance of getting into drugs, claiming ‘many current addicts have set out on a criminal path at an early age and before their first dose of heroin. These pre-drug criminals turn out to be the group most likely to generate their income from property crime. ’ (Bean p. 9) As noted, there doesn’t stand as much research into this field as the previous (drug use leads to crime) however, the theories which do stand can be divided again roughly into the three same categories, psychopharmacological explanations, economic explanations and criminal l ifestyle explanations. Explaining this idea through psychopharmacological means, researches such as Menard et al (2001) claim that criminals use drugs as a form of chemical recreation to celebrate successful crimes, pretty much in the same way people use alcohol to celebrate a special occasion, (Bennett and Holloway, p. 6). In another way according to the psychopharmacological model, people who have planned crime might turn to drugs to enable themselves to carry out the planned actions. It is possible therefore to say that crime causes drug use because without the drug it is possible the crime wouldn’t have occurred. The economic perspective explanation simply says crime causes drug use through crimes resulting in surplus cash which enable the offenders to buy drugs, unds which would not be available were it not for criminal activity (tim newburn). The criminal lifestyle explanations suggest that a criminal lifestyle tends to involve drug use either via sub-cultural values, t hrough available opportunities or as a result of self-medication. Criminal activity in subcultures provides ‘the content, the reference group and the definitions of a situation that are conclusive to the subsequent involvement in drugs’ (White 1990: 223, Bean p. 39).Evidence for this comes from a small number of studies, quoted by White, where she says the individual is placed in an environment which is supportive of drug use, and it is the desire for sub-cultural status rather than a need for a drug which leads to the individual committing crimes. The available opportunities idea goes hand in hand with the situational crime theory, which states the individual makes a rational choice, essentially weighing up the pros and cons of their actions. If the pros outweigh the cons then the person will display offending behaviour.Supporters of situational crime prevention would say that crime leads to drug taking, and therefore by modifying crime hotspots and the environment, an d by dealing with characteristics and location of suitable targets, drug taking can be reduced. The Third, that drug use and crimes have a common aetiology. This theory rejects strongly the simple causal explanation that drugs use leads to crime or the other, crime leads to drug use claiming the relationship to be far more complex than this.Rather, this suggests a common cause between the two, enforcing arguments that there are other factors involved which help explain both forms of behaviour. ‘Such factors may take various forms including aspects of personality or temperament, aspects of a person’s interpersonal social world (family, friends, peers) or some feature of the social environment in which they live’ (Newburn). These common factors can be grouped into three categories – psychological, social and environmental.Psychological factors can be related to a persons genetics or temperament character. Many explanations focus on the role of psychological factors as distal causes, which are those factors operating in the past that predispose people to act in certain ways. The social factors focus on social relationships and the way in which these may have an effect on crime and drug use. Peer pressure is said to be a major sway on a persons behaviour with regard to crime and illicit drug use. As White (1990) concludes in Bennet and Holloway (2005) ‘Peer group nfluences are the best predictors of delinquency and drug use. ’ With regards to the environmental explanation, factors within the environment are said to play a role in the drug-crime link. The social disorganization theory developed by Shaw and Mckay in 1942 was applied to help try and best explain the drug – crime link in 2000 by White and Gorman, who argue that rates of violence and exposure to drugs was greatest in less affluent areas, densly populated areas, racially segregated areas and those that are composed of a transient population.A rather sociolo gical version of the common cause idea is a variation of the sub-cultural theory which sees drug use as a learned behaviour. Behavioural norms are learned from generation to generation and become internalised, which lead individuals within particular families or social groups to behave in the same manner with the same patterns of offending. To conclude, this essay has highlighted much evidence to suggest that drug use leads to crime, and the opposite, that crime leads to drug use.People who try illicit drugs are more likely to display offending behaviour than others; however there is no persuasive research evidence of a causal link between drug use and offending within the majority of drug users. Much of the research provides conflicting explanations of the topic, however there does stand some common ground. There are no inconsistencies in the idea that drug use might sometimes cause crime and crime may sometimes cause drug use.However, as a general rule, research provides evidence sufficient to establish an association as appose to a direct causal link. This essay has also looked at the idea of a common cause or common aetiology between the relationship between drug use and offending behaviour, which is the idea that other factors such as personality, temperament, family or friends influences play a part in an individual’s lifestyle and choices.

Essay on the Dark Side of the Mind Exposed in Cask of...

The Dark Side of the Mind Exposed in Cask of Amontillado A wrong is unredressed when retribution overtakes its redresser. It is equally unredressed when the avenger fails to make himself felt as such to him who has done the wrong. With that statement, Montresor begins his tale of revenge deciding that the act must be slow and sweet and that in order to fully enjoy it, his adversary must be aware of his intentions. Hidden within those same few lines, lies not only this horrid plan, but also the true interest of its true author. In his Cask of Amontillado, Edgar Allen Poe reveals his supreme interest in the dark side of the human mind and heart. nbsp; Much of what a story means, much of its effect on the reader depends on†¦show more content†¦He is only concerned with attempting to understand the mind of Montresor as he commits the ultimate dark act of murder. nbsp; Throughout the story, Montresor shows that the murder was what is now called in the first degree - it was clearly preplanned and intentional. By giving [the attendants] orders not to stir from the house, Montresor shows that he was very aware of his actions. Even the placement of the bricks and mortar, as well as the clever concealment of the trowel reflect the final execution of a well thought out plan. In dialogue, Montresor also reveals his plan: Fortunato: the cough is a mere nothing; it will not kill me. I shall not die of a cough. Montresor: True - true. Montresor says that it is true. Fortunato will not die of a cough, he will die at the hand of Montresor. The deep-seated hatred necessary for the preplanned extinguishing of anothers life shows this dark side which Poe so wishes to be understood. Poe seems to suggest that even if the readers have not physically carried out such a hideous act as that of Montresor, they have in their imaginations. nbsp; Even the calm way the story is related by Montresor causes the reader to wander further into the mind of the murderer - further into the dark side of the mind and of the heart. With the line for the half of a century no mortal has disturbed the bones, a new perspective on the story emerges. But even when the fact that the story was